Dyspnea and Inhaled Corticosteroid and Long-acting β-Agonist Therapy in an Occupational Cohort: A Longitudinal Study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
To the Editor:Inhaled corticosteroids in combination with long-acting b-agonists (ICS/LABA) are commonly used to treat fixed and variable obstructive lung diseases (1-6).Current treatment guidelines are based on clinical trials with restricted data before ICS/LABA initiation.Research on the trajectories of respiratory symptoms before and after ICS/LABA initiation is limited.Fire Department of the City of New York (FDNY) rescue/recovery workers experienced a massive irritant exposure after the collapse of the World Trade Center (WTC) on September 11, 2001 (9/11), resulting in increased rates of respiratory symptoms, as well as an acute drop in lung function associated with reactive airway disease and fixed airflow obstruction (7-13).Using longitudinal data on respiratory symptoms, the aims of the present study were to analyze changes in dyspnea before and after ICS/LABA initiation and to determine whether time between WTC exposure and treatment initiation was associated with treatment response. Methods
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.012 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".