Inhibitory effect of aqueous extracts of <i>Centaurea solstitialis</i> subsp. <i>schouwii</i> on seed germination and growth of <i>Sulla coronaria</i>
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Biodiversity has been confronted with anthropogenic threats and several natural threats such as biological invasions. The success of these invasions involves phytotoxic products released by invasive plants that can exhibit allelopathic effects on target species. Thus, aqueous extracts from different parts of the Mediterranean yellow star-thistle [Centaurea solstitialis subsp. schouwii (DC.) Gugler], were tested for their allelopathic effects on seed germination and seedling growth of Sulla coronaria (L.). Bioassays were conducted in vitro to test the effects of the aqueous extracts of shoot, basal and root parts of C. solstitialis subsp. schouwii at two different concentrations (50 g·L−1 and 10 g·L−1). The concentrations of total polyphenols, flavonoids, and tannins of the extracts were also evaluated. Our results showed inhibitory effects on the germination and seedling growth of S. coronaria seedlings, particularly with the extract form the basal part, reaching 84%. This study confirms the linear relationships between the allelopathic effects of C. solstitialis subsp. schouwii and the polyphenol and flavonoid contents. However, further experiments are needed under field conditions to confirm the results obtained under laboratory conditions.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".