An operon consisting of a P-type ATPase gene and a transcriptional regulator gene responsible for cadmium resistances in Bacillus vietamensis 151–6 and Bacillus marisflavi 151–25
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Background Cadmium (Cd) is a severely toxic heavy metal to most microorganisms. Many bacteria have developed Cd 2+ resistance. Results In this study, we isolated two different Cd 2+ resistance Bacillus sp . strains, Bacillus vietamensis 151–6 and Bacillus marisflavi 151–25, which could be grown in the presence of Cd 2+ at concentration up to 0.3 mM and 0.8 mM, respectively. According to the genomic sequencing, transcriptome analysis under cadmium stress, and other related experiments, a gene cluster in plasmid p25 was found to be a major contributor to Cd 2+ resistance in B. marisflavi 151–25. The cluster in p25 contained orf4802 and orf4803 which encodes an ATPase transporter and a transcriptional regulator protein, respectively. Although 151–6 has much lower Cd 2+ resistance than 151–25, they contained similar gene cluster, but in different locations. A gene cluster on the chromosome containing orf4111 , orf4112 and orf4113 , which encodes an ATPase transporter, a cadmium efflux system accessory protein and a cadmium resistance protein, respectively, was found to play a major role on the Cd 2+ resistance for B. vietamensis 151–6. Conclusions This work described cadmium resistance mechanisms in newly isolated Bacillus vietamensis 151–6 and Bacillus marisflavi 151–25. Based on homologies to the cad system (CadA-CadC) in Staphylococcus aureus and analysis of transcriptome under Cd 2+ induction, we inferred that the mechanisms of cadmium resistance in B. marisflavi 151–25 was as same as the cad system in S. aureus . Although Bacillus vietamensis 151–6 also had the similar gene cluster to B. marisflavi 151–25 and S. aureus , its transcriptional regulatory mechanism of cadmium resistance was not same. This study explored the cadmium resistance mechanism for B. vietamensis 151–6 and B. marisflavi 151–25 and has expanded our understanding of the biological effects of cadmium.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".