Bibliographic record
Abstract
A novel voltage reference circuit without amplifier is proposed in this paper. In this circuit, the difference between the two NMOS transistors operating in the sub-threshold region is applied to the resistor, thereby generating current with positive temperature coefficient, which is mirrored to the output circuit to generate voltage with positive temperature coefficient. The gate-source voltage of the NMOS operating in the sub-threshold region is added to the voltage with positive temperature coefficient, and finally reference voltage is generated that does not change with temperature, voltage and process. Compared with the traditional voltage reference circuit, the circuit is simplified by using negative feedback structure instead of amplifiers. This design is simulated based on 180 nm process and Cadence simulator. When the power supply voltage (VDD) is between 1.3 V and 2.5 V and the temperature (T) is between -80 °C and 90 °C, in the most ideal case, the temperature coefficient (TC) is 8.6 ppm/°C, the power supply rejection ratio (PSRR) is -32 dB both at 100 Hz and 10 kHz. In the typical VDD of 1.8 V, the reference voltage (VREF) is 684 mV, which can be applied to on-chip digital isolators, transceivers and temperature sensors, etc.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".