LATE PERMIAN PALEOENVIRONMENTAL CHANGES IN THE XINGCHENG AREA, LIAONING PROVINCE, CHINA: SEDIMENTARY SUCCESSION AND ROOT SYSTEMS
Bibliographic record
Abstract
ABSTRACT During the late Permian, an alluvial environment prevailed along the northern margin of the North China Plate in the Xingcheng area, Liaoning Province, China. In this region, the middle–late Permian Shihhotse Formation and the late Permian Hamashan Formation record this transition from previous swamp-dominated settings. The two formations are mainly coarse-grained deposits and can be correlated with the Pingdingshan Sandstone, which developed as widespread alluvial facies in the central and southern parts of the North China Plate. Tectonic uplift around the plate due to Variscan orogenic activities probably contributed to the onset of alluvial prevalence, but the sedimentary characteristics in the Xingcheng area indicate that aridification was also an important driver. This is supported by the presence of root systems composed of rhizoliths in the Shihhotse Formation and Stigmaria fossils at the top of the alluvial conglomerate of the Hamashan Formation. Viewed at a larger scale, this basin-wide alluvial episode on the North China Plate was contemporaneous with the Wuchiapingian extreme aridity and followed a short humid interval. The overlying Changhsingian–Induan redbeds mark a paleoclimatic change to semiarid and arid again. The paleoenvironmental changes recorded in the upper Permian and Lower Triassic strata of the North China Plate, therefore, provide essential information for the understanding of late Paleozoic terrestrial evolution.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".