Promoting and maintaining urinary continence: Follow‐up from a cluster‐randomized trial of elderly village women in Bangladesh
Bibliographic record
Abstract
AIMS: Pelvic floor and mobility exercises were shown to be effective in managing incontinence in a cluster-randomized trial (CRT) of village women aged 60 to 75 years in Bangladesh. The present analysis examines continence 12 months after the CRT and exercise program implementation with village paramedics as preceptors. METHODS: Women from nine villages in the exercise arm of the CRT were followed-up 12 months after the 6-month intervention. They provided information about exercise since the CRT and a 3-day continence record (3DCR). Posttrial, a further 6-month exercise intervention led by village paramedics was initiated in 20 villages. Women completed the two-item Sandvik severity questionnaire before and after the intervention. Paramedics kept a record of each woman's attendance at the 48 exercise sessions RESULTS: A total of 130 of 150 women from the CRT completed the 12-month follow-up; 61.5% were dry on the 3DCR at follow-up. Total continence was related to the continuation of exercises carried out in the home and absence of urinary tract infection at follow-up. Those exercising at follow-up had an odds ratio (OR) of 3.49 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.86-6.58) of being continent at follow-up. Higher end-of-CRT body mass index was associated with greater follow-up leakage. In the 20-village roll-out, with 316 incontinent women, improvement in both severity and total continence on the Sandvik questionnaire were related to a total number of sessions attended (OR = 1.09; 95% CI, 1.05-1.13). At roll-out, 38.6% achieved continence, comparable to 43.0% in the CRT using physiotherapy preceptors CONCLUSIONS: Group exercise classes led by paramedics resulted in a marked improvement in continence but maintenance requires exercise postintervention.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".