Concurrent adsorption of cationic and anionic dyes from environmental water on amine functionalized carbon
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Amine functionalized carbon (AFC) was synthesized from raw oil fly ash and later utilized it for simultaneous removal of methyl orange (MO) and rhodamine 6G (Rh6G) pollutant dyes from aqueous medium. AFC was analyzed through scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) to examine its morphology, porosity and structural characteristics, respectively. The effect of various process parameters like mixing time, pollutant concentration, adsorbent dose, initial solution pH, and temperature of the medium were investigated for dye removal process. The experimental findings showed that the percentage removal of Rh6G was higher than MO and both dyes showed synergism during the adsorption from binary dye solution. Pseudo-second-order model was most appropriate model for both dyes and thermodynamic parameters showed that the dyes removal process was endothermic in nature. Among various isotherm models, Hill and Toth isotherms best explain the adsorption of Rh6G and MO from binary dye solution.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".