Anxiety impacts rheumatoid arthritis symptoms and health-related quality of life even at low levels.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: We explored the burden of symptoms of anxiety and depression on health-related quality of life (HRQL) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS: Adults with RA participating in an observational cohort completed PROMIS tests of depression, anxiety, fatigue, physical function (PF), pain interference (PI), sleep disturbance, and participation in social roles and activities at the baseline visit. Clinical measures of disease status were also obtained. We used ANOVA and partial correlation adjusting for the swollen joint count (SJC) to examine associations of anxiety and depression with other aspects of HRQL. Mild and moderate-severe anxiety were defined as T-scores ≥55.4 and ≥ 62.3 and mild and moderate-severe depression was defined as ≥52.5 and ≥58.6 based on previous validated clinical thresholds. Multivariable linear regression (MVR) was used to identify predictors of emotional distress with a subset analysis of those in remission/low disease activity. RESULTS: Of 196 RA participants, 18% had mild anxiety, 9% had moderate-severe anxiety, 18% had mild depression, and 14% had moderate-severe depression symptoms. Anxiety and depression scores were associated with significantly worse mean scores across HRQL domains (p <0.05). In MVR, depression (β=0.75, p<0.001), PF (β=0.14, p=0.024) and fatigue (β=0.15, p=0.015) predicted higher anxiety levels, whereas only anxiety predicted higher depression levels (β=0.70, p=<0.001). In subset analysis, PF no longer predicted higher anxiety levels. CONCLUSIONS: Emotional distress is common in RA, even when disease is well controlled, with considerable impacts on other aspects of HRQL even at mild levels.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".