Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract We measured the diffusion coefficients of sulfur in two different basaltic melts at reduced conditions (i.e., in the sulfide stability field), temperatures from 1225°C to 1450°C, pressures of 0.5 and 1 GPa, and water concentrations of 0 and 3.5 wt%. Although each melt is characterized by slightly different sulfur diffusion coefficients, the results can be combined to create a general equation for sulfur diffusion in anhydrous basalts: D = 2.19 × 10 − 4 exp ( − 226.3 ± 58.3 R T ) where D is the diffusion coefficient in m2s-1, the activation energy is in kJ mol-1, R is the gas constant, and T is the temperature in K. Sulfur diffusion in basalts with 3.5 wt% water is a factor of three to seven higher than in anhydrous melts and can be described by: D = 5.91 × 10 − 7 exp ( − 130.8 ± 82.6 R T ) At the conditions of this study the pressure does not measurably affect sulfur diffusion. Sulfur diffusion in dry basaltic melts is one order of magnitude higher than sulfur diffusion in dry andesitic and dacitic melts, whereas sulfur diffusion in hydrous basaltic and andesitic melts is within the same order of magnitude. When compared to the diffusivity of other volatile species in nominally dry basaltic melts, sulfur diffusion appears to be two times lower than CO2 diffusion and two orders of magnitude lower than H2O diffusion.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".