Black Tea Exhibits a Dose-Dependent Response in Saos-2 Cell Mineralization
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Higher bone mineral density (BMD) is often associated with greater consumption of black tea (BT). However, the dose–response of BT on mineralization in an osteoblast cell model has not yet been studied. The study objective was to determine the dose-dependent response of BT in Saos-2 cells and investigate changes to several proteins involved in the mineralization process. Mineralization was induced in the presence of BT at concentrations that represent levels likely achieved through daily consumption (0.1, 0.5, 0.75, 1 μ g gallic acid equivalents [GAE]/mL) or through supplementation (2, 5, or 10 μ g GAE/mL). BT exerted a positive dose–response on bone mineralization, peaking at 1 μ g GAE/mL of BT ( P < .05). Cellular activity was significantly greater than control with exposure to 2–10 μ g GAE/mL of BT (at 24 h) ( P < .05) and 1–10 μ g GAE/mL (at 48 h) ( P < .05), with a peak at 5 μ g GAE/mL at 24 and 48 h ( P < .05). Protein expression of alkaline phosphatase and ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase-1 were unchanged, whereas a moderate dose of BT (0.75 μ g GAE/mL) resulted in greater expression of osteopontin compared with the highest dose (10 μ g GAE/mL) ( P < .05). Doses of BT from 0.5 to 10 μ g GAE/mL resulted in higher antioxidant capacity compared with control ( P < .05). In summary, the higher antioxidant capacity, enhanced cell viability, and upregulated mineralization suggest that consumption of BT may have a positive effect on BMD at levels obtained through consumption of tea.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".