Publication trends on adult under-nutrition versus over-nutrition in India between 1961–2016: a bibliometric analysis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: Despite the nearly 10-fold greater prevalence of underweight versus obesity in India, there is a strong focus on obesity and overweight in policy and media coverage in India. Our objective was to examine the ratio of research articles published on underweight vs overweight in India. Methods: We conducted a bibliographic analysis of peer-reviewed PubMed listed publications on adult underweight (BMI<18.5 kg/m 2 ) /severe chronic energy deficiency (SCED -BMI<16.0 kg/m 2 ) and adult overweight (BMI 25-29.9 kg/m 2 )/obesity(BMI>30 kg/m 2 ) between the years 1961-2010. Articles were categorized by two reviewers into one of three categories: 1) focused on underweight/SCED, 2) overweight/obesity or 3) both underweight/SCED and overweight/ obesity. We quantified the number of articles in 5-year publication intervals and calculated the ratio between article types in each 5-year intervals. Results: Our search strategy yielded 4099 articles eligible for review, from these a total of 1124 articles were on overweight/obesity, 247 articles on underweight/SCED and 161 articles on both underweight/SCED and overweight/obesity. The inter-coder Cohen Kappa for categorization of articles was 0.92 (standard error, 0.03; 95% confidence interval, 0.86-0.97). From 1996 onwards, there was an increased ratio of overweight/obesity related articles compared to articles on underweight/SCED from 2.7:1 between the years 1996-2000 which rose to a ratio 5:1 after 2010.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.032 | 0.228 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".