El cártel del dinero: Algunas cuestiones suscitadas a propósito diones de la Comisión europea de 16 de mayo de 2019 en relación con práctie dos Deciscas anticompetitivas en el mercado de divisas
Bibliographic record
Abstract
espanolLa Comision europea con fecha de 16 de mayo de 2019 ha impuesto multas por un importe total de 1,07 millones de euros a cinco entidades financieras que operan en la Union Europea, al considerar probada su participacion en la comision de practicas anticompetitivas en el mercado de cambio de divisas. La trascendencia de estas decisiones, se debe no solo al volumen de las multas impuestas, sino tambien al numero de divisas afectadas, cinco de las cuales operan en el Area Economica Europea: la libra esterlina, el franco suizo, la corona danesa, sueca y noruega, el yen japones, asi como el dolar americano, canadiense, neozelandes y australiano. Se trata de una vulneracion del art. 101 TFUE y del art 53 del Acuerdo EEE que prohiben los carteles y otras practicas comerciales restrictivas. EnglishOn May 16th 2019, The European Commission has fined with a total amount of 1.07 billion five financial entities operating in the EU for taking part in anti-competitive behaviour or practices in the Currency Exchange Market. The significance of these decisions is not only due to the volume of the fines set, but to the number of foreign exchange affected, five of which are used in the European Economic Area: the British Pound, Swiss Franc, Danish, Swedish and Norwegian crowns, Japanese Yen, as well as US, Canadian, New Zealand and Australian Dollars. It is a violation of article 101 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU) and article 53 of the EEA Agreement, that prohibit cartels and other restrictive business practices.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.006 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".