Improving the Energy Efficiency of DFT-s-OFDM in Uplink Massive MIMO with Barker Codes
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
The uplink transmission in a single cell Massive MIMO system is studied. Developing Green Communications and achieving uplink energy efficiency is one of the critical targets of 5G cellular communications. The 3GPP recommends the use of the DFT-s-OFDM as the air interface waveform for the uplink transmission in 5G cellular networks. We investigate the performance of DFT-s-OFDM and its energy efficiency during the uplink transmission. To improve its performance we propose a novel DFT-s-OFDM method that employs an adaptive length Barker code as a spreading technique for the uplink transmitted signals. To evaluate the performance of the proposed system (i.e. the system that employs DFT-s-OFDM with an adaptive length Barker code), we use the BER, and Sum-Rate capacity as the performance metrics. In particular, we investigate two different communications channel models; the i.i. d. and the correlated Rayleigh fading channels. The numerical results show that the proposed air interface waveform results in a significant improvement in the uplink energy efficiency for various signal-to-noise ratios.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it