A Healthy Home? Housing and Health in Tāmaki Makaurau/Auckland 1918-1949
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This thesis explores the connections between housing and health in Aotearoa/New Zealand's largest city, Tāmaki Makaurau/Auckland from 1918 to 1949. It interrogates the way ideas about health helped to shape both the city's housing design (interior and exterior) and government and council housing initiatives. It argues that particularly prominent were concerns relating to children's health and infectious diseases, including influenza and tuberculosis, and shows how these concerns contributed to the popularity of architectural features such as sleeping porches and improved sanitary facilities. Such concerns about health also drove attempts to reduce overcrowding, with a preference for detached houses with gardens over more intensive housing types. Whilst arguing that contemporary ideas about health did influence new or renovated Auckland homes throughout the thesis's period, it also explains how practical issues, such as the First and Second World Wars and the 1930s Depression, hindered progress by reducing housing construction and contributing to housing shortages. Housing histories have touched on some of these issues, but rarely in combination. Instead, most historiographies of housing, both in New Zealand and overseas, tend to focus on a single type of housing. 'A Healthy Home?' offers new perspectives on housing history by integrating the analysis of Māori housing, state/council housing, transit housing, private housing, and slum housing. In doing so, it makes two main contributions to the historiography. First, it demonstrates that ideas about health influenced discussions about all of these housing types. Yet it also reveals the ongoing inequalities between Māori and Pākehā housing and health. This project found that government initiatives that aimed to improve Māori health through better living conditions were constrained by underfunding and a focus on rural housing when in actuality many Māori were migrating to Auckland and other urban areas. Second, this project places the history of Auckland housing into an international context of discussions about health and housing. It reveals that similar ideas about health influenced housing design and led to various publicly funded housing initiatives in Australia, England, Canada, and the United States amongst other countries during this period. Auckland and New Zealand were part of a global network. Drawing on medical, architectural, social, indigenous, and general histories of twentieth-century New Zealand, my thesis offers new insights into the history of Auckland and to housing history both in New Zealand and internationally. This thesis is the first in-depth study of how ideas about health were a key driving factor for housing design in Auckland during the first half of the twentieth century.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".