Outcomes With Severe Blastomycosis and Respiratory Failure in the United States
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Outcomes of patients with severe pulmonary blastomycosis requiring mechanical ventilation (MV) are not well understood in the modern era. Limited historical case series reported 50-90% mortality in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome caused by blastomycosis. The objective of this large retrospective cohort study was to describe the risk factors and outcomes of patients with severe pulmonary blastomycosis. METHODS: We performed a retrospective cohort analysis utilizing the Nationwide Inpatient Sample from 2006-2014. Patients aged >18 years with a diagnosis of blastomycosis who received MV were included. RESULTS: There were 1848 patients with a diagnosis of blastomycosis included in the study. Of these, 219 (11.9%) underwent MV with a mortality rate of 39.7% compared with 2.5% in patients not requiring ventilatory support (P < .01). The median (IQR) time to death for patients requiring MV was 12 (8-16) days. The median length of hospital stay for survivors of MV was 22 (14-37) days. The rate of MV was higher for patients treated in teaching hospitals (63.4% vs 57.2%, P = .05) and lower for those receiving care at a rural hospital (12.3% vs 17.2%, P = .04). In a multivariate model, female gender was associated with increased risk of mortality (OR, 1.84; 95% CI, 1.06-3.20; P = .03) as was increasing patient age (10-year age increase OR, 1.64; 95% CI, 1.33-2.02; P < .01). CONCLUSIONS: In the largest published cohort of patients with blastomycosis, mortality for patients on MV is high at ~40%, 16-fold higher than those without MV.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".