Enzymatic Conversion of Galactose Polymers into Copolymers Containing Galactonic Acid by Glucose Oxidase
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Sugar oxidase can oxidize a carbohydrate substrate into an acid, but there have been no reports on the successful enzymatic conversion of glycopolymers containing carbohydrate pendants. We introduced a poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) spacer between the carbohydrate and the methacrylic units, and glucose oxidase (GOx) showed enzymatic activity when the PEG spacer is sufficiently long, converting the galactose pendant into galactonic acid and yielding a copolymer. The glycopolymers with a PEG spacer showed stronger binding to the sugar-specific lectin than those without the spacer, while the binding was gradually weakened as the sugar pendants were converted to acid groups. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first example to use a hydrophilic PEG spacer to enzymatically convert a substrate attached on a polymer chain. The enzymatic conversion of such glycopolymers represents a useful green chemistry approach to obtain copolymers based on carbohydrates.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".