Shaping Electroluminescence with a Large, Printed Bipolar Electrode Array: Solid Polymer Electrochemical Cells with Over a Thousand Light‐Emitting p–n Junctions
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The electroluminescence from a solid polymer light‐emitting electrochemical cell typically originates from a single, narrow p‐n or p‐i‐n junction. The bulk of the active material is non‐emitting and must be doped before an emitting junction is formed. Here, we show that the doping and emission profiles of a planar cell can be drastically altered with the introduction of a large printed array of ink‐jet‐printed bipolar electrodes. Redox doping reactions induced at the wireless bipolar electrodes led to the simultaneous formation of over a thousand highly emissive p‐n junctions uniformly distributed throughout the active layer of the large planar cell. The multi‐junction cell achieved an eightfold increase in light‐emitting area, a 14‐fold increase in peak current and ten times faster response speed compared to a single‐junction cell. Moreover, a giant open‐circuit voltage of approximately 35 V was observed when the doped cell was allowed to discharge. Here, bipolar electrochemistry offers a simple and yet elegant solution to engineer a better light‐emitting electrochemical cell.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it