Heating rate effects on the air-void network in mortars exposed to high temperatures
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper examines the effect of heating rate on the microstructure of cement-based systems exposed to sustained elevated temperatures. Besides a conventional mortar designed to attain a compressive strength of 30 MPa at 28 d, a high-strength mortar was also designed to achieve a corresponding strength of 90 MPa. Samples were extracted for testing under three different heating rates, ranging from 1°C/min to 10°C/min, to a sustained elevated temperature up to 400°C. This study finds that the microstructure of high-strength mortar is more sensitive to the heating rate in comparison with that of the normal-strength mortar. The porosity of the mortar mixtures uniformly increases with an increase in the temperature of exposure. However, there was a decrease in the porosity, at any sustained elevated temperature, with an increase in the heating rate. It is seen that the fractal dimension of the pores increases with an increase in the sustained temperature. Additionally, this fractal dimension was seen to increase with an increase in the heating rate. However, this trend was more pronounced at lower temperatures of exposure, so that the rate of heating appears to become less conspicuous at higher temperatures of soaking.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".