Timing of Ossification of the Anterior Skull Base in Syndromic Synostosis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The anterior skull base undergoes a progressive ossification after birth. This has implications on the epidural dissection of early trans-craniofacial osteotomy procedures such as monobloc advancements. Our purpose was to determine the rate of ossification in syndromic synostosis patients relative to a normal cohort to establish when maturation of the anterior skull base is complete. The authors analyzed CT scans from 35 patients with Crouzon, Apert or Pfeiffer syndrome, and 84 patients without any craniofacial anomaly between the ages of 0 and 6 years. The non-ossified anterior skull base area was measured using 3D Slicer. The authors compared the sizes of the defects at different ages between the three syndromes and with the control group using Mann-Whitney test. Significance was set at P < 0.05. All patients less than 12 months of age had a measurable defect anterior to the cribriform whereas patients greater than five years of age had full ossification of the anterior skull base with no evidence of defect. The relationship of defect size and age at scan was non-linear, with most defects closing rapidly in the first six months. The temporal closure pattern of the defect was similar between the three syndromes and the control group with no significant difference. Our findings indicate that syndromic children undergo skull base maturation at the same rate as non-syndromic cases, with the majority ossified by three years of age. Anterior skull base surgeries performed before three years should optimize visualization of this area during dissection.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".