Securitizing the Canadian Family Through Transnational Reproductive Governmentality and Citizenship
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Putting top-down and bottom-up understandings of Canadian reproductive bio-politics into dialogue by acknowledging the link that reproductive citizenship forges between familial and national reproduction, I focus on procreative practice of transnational surrogacy as a form of nation building.Methodologically, this involves using intersectional governmentality as a lens for critical policy analysis and a critical discourse analysis of Joseph Tito's social media accounts.Tito is a Canadian parent who used a Kenya-based surrogacy arrangement and had his twin daughters rendered stateless at the end of the process.This approach allows me to make three main arguments.First, I determine that the Government of Canada relies on a decentralized and globalizing regime of government to manage such families, incorporating actors, institutions, technologies, and policies located at various geospatial sites.Second, to secure the nation-state from possible threats, this system of governance can lead to citizenship deprivation for children born through transnational surrogacy.Thirdly, despite the Government of Canada framing the families as a threat and the possible complications that their offspring face, Canadian families whose children were produced transnationally can act as securitized governmental actors.They do so through a negotiation of state regulation and employing bio-political discourses that echo the racialized, gendered, classed, and ableist ideologies initiated during Canada's eugenic beginnings as a settler-colony.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.029 | 0.031 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.009 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".