Distribution of genes related to Type 6 secretion system and lipooligosaccharide that induced ganglioside mimicry among Campylobacter jejuni isolated from human diarrhea in Thailand
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Background Campylobacter jejuni(C. jejuni) is one of the most common bacteria responsible for human gastroenteritis worldwide. The mode of human transmission is foodborne infections due to consumption of contaminated food, especially poultry. Type 6 secretion systems (T6SS) were described recently asCampylobactervirulence mechanisms. Furthermore, infection sequelae associated with neurological disorders like Guillain–Barré (GBS) and Miller Fisher (MF) syndromes can become serious health problems in some patients afterCampylobactergastroenteritis. Our objective was to determine the distribution of these virulence genes amongC. jejuniisolated from stool of human diarrhea. Methods A total of 524C. jejunistrains from travelers and pediatric cases of acute diarrhea in Thailand were selected for this study. All isolates belonged to one of 20 known capsule types and all were assayed by PCR for T6SS, a hemolysin co-regulated protein (hcp) gene, and GBS-associated genes (cgtA,cgtB,cstIIHS19andcstIIHS2) which are involved in sialic acid production in the lipooligosaccharide (LOS) cores ofC. jejuni. The distribution of these genes are summarized and discussed. Results Of all isolates with these 20 capsule types identified, 328 (62.6%) were positive forhcp, ranging from 29.2 to 100% among 10 capsule types. The GBS-associated LOS genes were detected among 14 capsule type isolates with 24.4% and 23.3% ofC. jejuniisolates possessed eithercstIIHS19or all three genes (cgtA,cgtBandcstIIHS19), which were classified as LOS classes A and B whereas 9.2% ofC. jejuniisolates possessingcstIIHS2were classified as LOS class C. TheC. jejuniisolates of LOS A, B, and C together accounted for 56.9% of the isolates among 14 different capsule types while 31.1% of allC. jejuniisolates did not possess any GBS-associated genes. No significant difference was detected fromC. jejuniisolates possessing GBS-associated LOS genes among travelers and children, but changes between those withhcpwere significant (p < 0.05). Conclusions Our results suggested a high diversity ofhcpand GBS-associated LOS genes among capsule types ofC. jejuniisolated from Thailand.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".