Kisspeptin induces LH release and ovulation in an induced ovulator†
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Kisspeptin has been implicated in the ovulatory process of several species of spontaneous ovulators but in only one induced ovulator. In contrast, NGF in semen is the principal trigger of ovulation in other species of induced ovulators-camelids. We tested the hypotheses that kisspeptin induces luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion in llamas through a hypothalamic mechanism, and kisspeptin neurons are the target of NGF in its ovulation-inducing pathway. In Experiment 1, llamas were given either NGF, kisspeptin, or saline intravenously, and LH secretion and ovulation were compared among groups. All llamas treated with NGF (5/5) or kisspeptin (5/5) had an elevation of LH blood concentrations after treatment and ovulated, whereas none of the saline group did (0/5). In Experiment 2, llamas were either pretreated with a gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) receptor antagonist or saline and treated 2 h later with kisspeptin. Llamas pretreated with saline had elevated plasma LH concentrations and ovulated (6/6) whereas llamas pretreated with cetrorelix did not (0/6). In Experiment 3, we evaluated the hypothalamic kisspeptin-GnRH neuronal network by immunohistochemistry. Kisspeptin neurons were detected in the arcuate nucleus, the preoptic area, and the anterior hypothalamus, establishing synaptic contacts with GnRH neurons. We found no colocalization between kisspeptin and NGF receptors by double immunofluorescence. Functional and morphological findings support the concept that kisspeptin is a mediator of the LH secretory pathway in llamas; however, the role of kisspeptins in the NGF ovulation-inducing pathway in camelids remains unclear since NGF receptors were not detected in kisspeptin neurons in the hypothalamus.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".