Transient energy growth in the ageostrophic Eady model
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The problem of optimal initial disturbances in thermal wind shear is revisited and extended to include non-hydrostatic effects. This systematic study compares transient and modal growth rates of submesoscale instabilities over a large range of zonal and meridional wavenumbers, aspect ratios and different Richardson number regimes. Selection criteria were derived to remove spurious and unresolved instability modes that arise from the eigenvalue problem and we generalize the study of the hydrostatic Eady problem by Heifetz & Farrell (J. Atmos. Sci., vol. 60, 2003; J. Atmos. Sci., vol. 64 (12), 2007, pp. 4366–4382; Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., vol. 134 (635), 2008, pp. 1627–1633) to thin fronts, characterized by large aspect ratios. Such fronts are commonly found at the early stages of frontogenesis, for example, in the ocean mesoscale eddies and near the eye wall of hurricanes. In particular, we show that transient energy growth rates are up to two orders of magnitude larger than modal counterparts for a wide range of Richardson number and that the effects of transient energy gain become even greater when non-hydrostatic effects become important and/or for large Richardson numbers. This study also compares the dominant energy pathways contributing to the energy growth at short and long times. For symmetric modes, we recover the inertia–gravity instability described in Xu et al. (J. Atmos. Sci., vol. 64 (6), 2007, pp. 1764–1781). These mechanisms are shown to be the most powerful mediator of vertical transport when compared with the fastest growing baroclinic and symmetric modes. These results highlight the importance of transient processes in the ocean and the atmosphere.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".