Bibliographic record
Abstract
In the late 1920s, great American industrial giant, Andrew Carnegie found, Modern American charitable trusts. In Carnegie’s “The Gospel of Wealth,”-its’ basic principle lays the ideological foundation for modern American foundations. His thoughts on wealth are bold. It challenges, creativity, which inspires scientific administration and application of wealth surplus to benefit society. Society, thus, gains long-term stability and; beneficiaries reap long-lasting social interests. From the late 1930s to the beginning of the 20th century, Americans regarded philanthropy as one of the most effective ways for public figures to build societal image. Some readings and books related to Carnegie’s philosophy on Philanthropy. Challenge whether traditional understandings on wealthy individuals’ philanthropy were either passively motivated or ill-intentioned. Using Andrew Carnegie’s philosophy on philanthropy as a case study, this article studies the most important economic and political figure Andrew Carnegie in the period of American industrialization. This article analyzes his thoughts and practices, its influences on the country’s philanthropic culture, as well as continuing developments on socialist democratic society.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.012 | 0.038 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.007 | 0.007 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.004 | 0.007 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".