Infant feeding guideline awareness among mothers living with HIV in North America and Nigeria
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Background WHO guidelines recommend breastfeeding for mothers living with HIV adherent to antiretroviral therapy in countries where formula is not accessible. In Canada and the US, guidelines for mothers living with HIV recommend exclusive formula feeding. Awareness of national infant feeding guidelines and socio-cultural factors influence infant feeding choices that may result in an increased risk of vertical transmission of HIV. The purpose of this paper is to present factors associated with awareness of guidelines among Black mothers living with HIV. Data were derived from a survey conducted as part of a recent international study that examined infant feeding practices among Black women living with HIV in Ottawa, Canada; Port Harcourt, Nigeria; and Miami, Florida. Methods Participants (n = 690) from Port Harcourt (n = 400), Miami (n = 201), and Ottawa (n = 89) were surveyed on their awareness of infant feeding guidelines for mothers living with HIV. Data were collected between November, 2016 and March, 2018. Results Participants’ mean ages were 34.3 ± 5.9 years. Across all sites, 15.4% (95% CI 13.2, 7.7) of mothers were NOT aware of their country’s infant feeding guidelines. Cultural beliefs (OR = 0.133, p = 0.004, 95% CI 0.03, 0.53) and functional social support influenced infant feeding choices (OR = 1.1, p = 0.034, 95% CI 1.01, 1.20) and were statistically significant predictors of guideline awareness (Χ2 = 38.872, p < .05) after controlling for age, years of formal education, marital status, and country of residence. As agents of functional social support, family members and health workers (e.g., nurses, physicians, social workers, other health care workers) influenced participants’ awareness of infant feeding guidelines and guided them in their infant feeding choices. Conclusions Among participants, awareness of national infant feeding guidelines was associated with functional social support and cultural beliefs influenced infant feeding choices. Therefore, culturally adapted messaging via social supports already identified by mothers, including family relationships and health workers, is an appropriate way to enhance awareness of infant feeding guidelines. Ultimately, contributing to the global health goals of maternal health and reduced infant mortality.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".