Immunolocalization of the Novel Protein FCHSD2 within Protrusive Actin‐Rich Bacterial Structures
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes and enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) both exploit clathrin mediated endocytosis and the actin cytoskeleton for their disease processes. During L. monocytogenes infections clathrin is used for the microbes to invade their host’s cells and actin filaments are used to generate actin‐rich comet/rocket tails that propel the bacteria within the host cell cytoplasm. When the bacteria hit the host plasma membrane, the comet/rocket tails push the bacteria into neighbouring cells by forming a membrane distention housing the bacteria and the actin tail which forms a corresponding invagination in the neighbouring cell for eventual cell‐to‐cell spreading of the bacteria. EPEC on the other hand remains extracellular and sit atop infected cells on actin‐rich pedestal‐like structures that also recruit clathrin to their apical regions. The FCH and double SH3 domains protein 2 (FCHSD2) functions to activate actin polymerization during clathrin mediated endocytosis. As both L. monocytogenes an EPEC utilize CME and actin polymerization we examined the localization of FCHSD2 during the infections. We found that during L. monocytogenes infections FCHSD2 was absent from the bacterial comet tails, but was prominent at L. monocytogenes actin‐rich membrane protrusions. During EPEC infections FCHSD2 was present within the actin core of the pedestals but did not colocalize with clathrin. Together, this work suggests the FCHSD2 protein has a distinct role at actin‐rich bacterial structures that interact at the membrane which is independent of clathrin.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".