The relationship between educational attainment and hiv prevalence among pregnant women attending antenatal clinics in six states of India: Sentinel surveillance from 2010 to 2017
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The National AIDS Control Programme provides support for HIV prevention services to pregnant women attending antenatal care (ANC) clinics through testing, kit delivery, counseling, and treatment services. The impact of HIV prevention programs in the general population is assessed by monitoring trends and progress made against the HIV epidemic among pregnant women attending ANC clinics during HIV Sentinel Surveillance (HSS). OBJECTIVES: This study explores the association of HIV risk with educational attainment for Indian women across different age groups from four repeated cross-sectional surveillance of antenatal clinics in six states from the southern part of India. METHODS: Data collected from the repeated cross-sectional HSS conducted during the year 2010-2011 (baseline) and 2016-2017 (end line) across six states were used for this analysis. The total sample size was 94,266 at baseline and 99,434 at end line. In the logistic regression analysis, we focused on identifying the association between educational attainment, and HIV prevalence adjusting for period effects across two age groups for women attending ANC clinics. RESULTS: Grade to 80% lower among postgraduates than illiterates. For the <25 year age group, this risk of HIV for pregnant women was 35% to 49% lower. CONCLUSIONS: To ensure an effective national response to control and prevent HIV infection, policymakers in India need to focus on ≥25 years' age group of women attending ANC for designing educational interventions to reduce HIV risk as well as the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.005 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".