The role of auxin in developmentally regulated programmed cell death in lace plant
Bibliographic record
Abstract
PREMISE: Lace plant (Aponogeton madagascariensis) leaves are remodeled via developmental programmed cell death (PCD) to produce perforations located equidistantly between longitudinal and transverse veins. Auxin has been implicated in other developmental PCD processes in plants; however, the role of auxin in perforation formation in lace plant is unknown. Here the role of auxin in developmental PCD in lace plant was studied using two auxin inhibitors N-1-naphthylphthalamic acid (NPA), an auxin transport inhibitor, and auxinole, a potent auxin antagonist. METHODS: Sterile cultures of lace plants were propagated and treated with NPA or auxinole. Leaf length, leaf width, and number of perforations were then analyzed. Vein patterning and perforation area were further examined in NPA-treated plants. Downstream PCD transduction events were investigated via spectrophotometric assays, histochemical staining, and immuno-probing. RESULTS: Lace plants treated with NPA or auxinole produced leaves with fewer perforations compared to their respective controls. Although NPA treatment was insufficient to completely alter vein patterning, NPA-treated leaves did have significantly more atypical areoles compared to control leaves. Events involved in perforation formation in lace plant leaves were altered following treatment with NPA, including anthocyanin production, reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, and the release of mitochondrial cytochrome c. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicated that inhibition of auxin signaling disrupts several downstream features of the lace plant PCD signaling cascade and results in fewer or no perforations. Therefore, we concluded that auxin signaling is important for developmentally regulated PCD in lace plant leaves.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".