DONOR SITE MORBIDITY OF RADIAL FOREARM FREE FLAP; A CASE SERIES
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the donor site morbidity associated with the radial forearm free flap surgery. Study Design: Case series study. Place and Duration of Study: Departments of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Combined Military Hospital Rawalpindi and Bahawalpur, from Jul 2011 to Jul 2017. Methodology: One hundred and nineteen patients, who underwent radial forearm free flap surgery, were included in the study. Patients were followed up at first and second week and then at six months. Patients were examined for wound infection, radial nerve injury, flexor tendon desiccation, cold intolerance, persistent post-op pain, wrist mobility, and pinch and grip strength (using a dynamometer). Results: There were a total 109 patients out of which 78 (71.6%) were male patients and 31 (28.4%) were female patients. The mean age was 35 ±12 years (range: 16 to 64) years. Three (2.8%) patients had early wound infection. Two (1.8%) patients had injury to sensory branch of the radial nerve and two (1.8%) had desiccation of flexor tendons near wrist. On six-month’s follow-up, five (4.6%) patients developed cold intolerance while six (5.5%) patients had persistent post-operative pain. Four (3.7%) patients developed reduced wrist mobility and same percentage of patients (3.7%) had reduced pinch and grip strength. Conclusion: The donor site in radial forearm free flap surgery carries donor site morbidity that can be minimized by careful and meticulous surgical techniques.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".