Dynamic expression profiles during development of placodes in the embryonic chicken eye
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The conjunctival epithelium of the chicken eye develops a series of placodes beginning at embryonic day 6.5. These placodes develop into conjunctival papillae over the course of 1.5 days before disappearing. These transient structures are responsible for inducing the underlying mesenchyme to develop into a ring of scleral ossicles. Here we assess the gene expression patterns of five major signaling pathways known to be involved in the development of other epithelial appendages, namely the WNT/β‐catenin, bone morphogenetic protein (BMP), ectodysplasin (EDA), fibroblast growth factor (FGF) and hedgehog (HH) pathways. Our comprehensive qPCR analyses of distinct regions of the eye, at different time points, enabled us to assess multiple gene expression patterns. Our data show that FGF1, FGF20, sonic hedgehog (SHH), ectodysplasin receptor (EDAR) and BMP4 are amongst the most highly upregulated genes identified in the system. EDAR, FGF20 and SHH were also significantly different across different regions of the eye and over developmental time within specific regions. Correlation analyses among relative normalized gene expression values revealed the strongest correlation between EDA and lymphoid enhancer factor‐1 (LEF1) and between FGF2 and FGF10. The enhanced sensitivity of qPCR reveals a more detailed signaling pattern than previously known. The dynamic expression patterns uncovered here are consistent with a conserved patterning signaling network observed in a diverse range of other placodes, including hair follicles and feather buds. Support or Funding Information This study was funded by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".