Industrialisation, migration et anglicisation dans le sud du pays de Galles: Treherbert, vallée de la Rhondda, 1861-91
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This article discusses the Anglicisation of the mining valleys in the South of Wales in the second half of the 19th century. With the aid of nominal censuses of the municipality of Treherbert in the Rhondda Fawr, we will examine the modalities of the rate of penetration of the English language in the Southern Celtic fringe. We concentrated chiefly on the 1891 census, the first to include information on language spoken. Data on language was paired with other data from the census such as age, sex birthplace, family status as well as family migratory strategies. This twinning allowed us to draw a detailed picture of the linguistic transition in the mining valleys. English was introduced in the community of Treherbert by migrants who, for the most part, spoke only English, especially those who had arrived at the end of the 19th century, by the children who went to English school, by capital and by labour. However, as we demonstrate, the family and migratory stategies made possible the linguistic cohesion in the working-class households thus insuring the preservation of the places where Welsh remained a pertinent and living language
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".