Pulse Energy Modulation for a Single-Phase Bridge Inverter With Active Power Decoupling Capability
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Single-phase voltage-source bridge inverters are widely used in energy storage systems (ESS) and distributed energy resources to transfer dc power to grid-side ac power. The most popular modulation strategy for controlling the ac output of bridge inverters is known as carrier-based pulsewidth modulation (PWM), which varies the duty cycle of the inverter switches at a high switching frequency to achieve a target average line-frequency output voltage or current. Regarding most carrier-based PWM techniques only enable the bridge inverters to operate under continuous conduction mode (CCM) due to the nonlinearity of discontinuous conduction mode (DCM), a pulse energy modulation (PEM) technique is proposed in this article to control single-phase bridge inverters based on energy packets, enabling the inverter to operate under both DCM and CCM and switch between them seamlessly. A single-phase bridge inverter with voltage boosting and power decoupling capabilities is examined as a case study. Small-signal analyses have been conducted for the inverter system with both L-filter and LCL-filter, and the resonant spike of LCL-filter is attenuated in PEM. Simulation and experimental results verify the feasibility of PEM on the investigated single-phase bridge inverter under both DCM and CCM.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".