Pulse Energy Modulation for a Single-Phase Bridge Inverter With Active Power Decoupling Capability
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Single-phase voltage-source bridge inverters are widely used in energy storage systems (ESS) and distributed energy resources to transfer dc power to grid-side ac power. The most popular modulation strategy for controlling the ac output of bridge inverters is known as carrier-based pulsewidth modulation (PWM), which varies the duty cycle of the inverter switches at a high switching frequency to achieve a target average line-frequency output voltage or current. Regarding most carrier-based PWM techniques only enable the bridge inverters to operate under continuous conduction mode (CCM) due to the nonlinearity of discontinuous conduction mode (DCM), a pulse energy modulation (PEM) technique is proposed in this article to control single-phase bridge inverters based on energy packets, enabling the inverter to operate under both DCM and CCM and switch between them seamlessly. A single-phase bridge inverter with voltage boosting and power decoupling capabilities is examined as a case study. Small-signal analyses have been conducted for the inverter system with both L-filter and LCL-filter, and the resonant spike of LCL-filter is attenuated in PEM. Simulation and experimental results verify the feasibility of PEM on the investigated single-phase bridge inverter under both DCM and CCM.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".