Water pipe valve detection by using deep neural networks
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Condition assessment of underground buried utilities, especially water distribution networks, is crucial to the decision making process for pipe replacement and rehabilitation. Hence, regular inspection of the water pipelines is carried out with in-pipe inspection robots to assess the internal condition of the water pipelines. However, the inspection robots need to identify and negotiate with the valves to pass through. Therefore, the aim of this study is to detect the valves in water pipelines in real-time to ensure smooth operation of the inspection robot. In this paper, four state-of-the-art deep neural network algorithms namely, Faster R-CNN, RFCN, SSD, and YOLO are presented to perform the real-time valve detection analysis. The study shows that Faster R-CNN, pre-trained with Resnet101 outperforms all the selected models by achieving 97:35% and 76:73% mean Average precison (mAP) values when the threshold for prediction is set to 50% and 75% respectively. However, in terms of the detection rate in frames per second (FPS), YOLOv3-608 seems to have better processing speed than all other models.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".