PHARMACEUTICALS AS EDCS- THE METABOLIC IMPACT OF GEMFIBROZIL IN GOLDFISH
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Pharmaceuticals are reported in the aquatic environment at concentrations that can exceed µg•L-1 post sewage treatment plant (Kolpin et al., 2002). Pharmaceuticals are designed to be bioactive, yet most of the literature available is limited to their occurrence rather than to their fate or effects on non-target organisms. This study was designed to test the bioactivity of a lipid regulator, gemfibrozil in the goldfish, Carassius auratus, a widely used model species in endocrine studies. This drug is reported in Canadian sewage treatment effluents at concentrations exceeding 2 ηg•L-1 (Metcalfe et al., 2002). Gemfibrozil (GEM) is a lipid and cholesterol lowering fibrate drug that acts as a peroxisomal proliferator (PP), increasing cell peroxisome numbers and size through the activation of a nuclear receptor called the peroxisomal proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) (Gonzalez et al., 1998). PPARs activate genes containing a PPAR responsive element, including those that code for many aspects of lipid catabolism (Kersten et al., 2000). Acyl-CoA oxidase (ACO), the first enzyme of the peroxisomal β-oxidation pathway, is one such enzyme that
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".