Shortcomings of Refugee Protection: An Argument for Open Borders
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract: The purpose of this article is to highlight the current international system’s inability to protect the 3.5 million asylum-seekers and 25.9 million refugees found globally. I argue that in a world in which states continuously fail to help those in need of refuge, in spite of international legally-binding agreements, the only way to ensure their protection is to break down the barriers they face by allowing them to freely migrate and settle down in their country of choice, also known as a system of open borders. The lack of a supranational body of power that can ensure the implementation of international agreements, the usage of border walls and other security measures that lead migrants towards less guarded and unsafe routes of travel, the invasive and psychologically challenging asylum process, and the fundamental value that all people are morally equal are some of the arguments put forward. Resume : Le but de cet article est de souligner l’incapacite du systeme international actuel a proteger les 3,5 millions de demandeurs d’asile et les 25,9 millions de refugies qui se trouvent dans le monde. Je soutiens que dans un monde ou les Etats ne parviennent pas a venir en aide a ceux qui ont besoin d’un refuge, en depit d’accords internationaux juridiquement contraignants, la seule facon d’assurer leur protection est de briser les barrieres auxquelles ils sont confrontes en leur permettant de migrer librement et de s’installer dans leur pays de choix, egalement connu sous le nom de systeme de frontieres ouvertes. L’absence d’un organe supranational puissant, capable d’assurer la mise en œuvre des accords internationaux, l’utilisation des barrieres frontalieres et d’autres mesures de securite qui conduisent les migrants vers des itineraires moins proteges et dangereux, le processus d’asile hostile et psychologiquement difficile et la valeur fondamentale que tous les individus sont moralement egaux sont quelques-uns des arguments avances.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.031 | 0.050 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.009 | 0.075 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.015 | 0.024 |
| Open science | 0.004 | 0.020 |
| Research integrity | 0.024 | 0.026 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.008 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".