Bibliographic record
Abstract
We evaluate the temporal trends of total mercury (THg) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in walleye (Sander vitreus) and lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) based on approximately 40 years of contaminant data from different locations in Lake Ontario. Bayesian inference techniques are employed to parameterize four hierarchical models. Our analysis provides evidence of distinctly declining trajectories for the two contaminants in lake trout. Likewise, walleye demonstrate a decreasing PCB trend, whereas no distinct temporal shifts were found in their THg rates of change. We illustrate the capacity of our statistical framework to aid in formulating fish consumption advisories by generating customizable probability of exceedance of THg and PCB threshold human exposure levels, based on their tolerable daily intake values. Walleye consumption results in 30% lakewide exceedance frequencies of the THg threshold for the sensitive demographic group of children less than 15 years old with an average body weight of 50 kg. Lake trout PCB threshold is frequently exceeded (> 80%) in all of the study sites, whereas exposure to THg through lake trout consumption appears to be within the acceptable levels for human health. The overall trends indicate that the reduced contaminant emissions have brought about positive changes in the fish contamination levels in Lake Ontario.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.007 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.005 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.085 | 0.021 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".