Spatial ordering of the charge density waves in <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:msub><mml:mi>NbSe</mml:mi><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:math>
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Ordering of the two incommensurate charge density waves (CDW), ${\mathbf{q}}_{1}=(0.0, 0.243, 0.0)$ and ${\mathbf{q}}_{2}=(0.5, 0.263, 0.5)$, in the quasi-one-dimensional ${\mathrm{NbSe}}_{3}$ structure is studied by means of low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy. Larger (100) van der Waals surfaces are analyzed using one-dimensional Fourier transforms along the three types of trigonal prismatic columns, running parallel to the monoclinic ${\mathbf{b}}_{0}$ direction. The procedure enables unambiguous differentiation between both CDWs modulating individual columns. In addition, it allows a quantitative comparison of modulation amplitudes along different columns of the same type and, in case of sufficiently large images, also along individual columns. It is confirmed that each CDW modulates both type-III and type-I columns with the narrowest isosceles bases. As a consequence beating is observed between the two slightly different modes. The bridging type-II columns appear not to be modulated. On a large scale the modulation amplitudes along individual columns vary, suggesting formation of CDW nanodomains. The possibility of interchanging both CDWs along columns forming symmetry-related pairs results in a charge difference, which is supposed to be the possible origin of CDW sliding.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".