Mesenchymal ETV Transcription Factors Regulate Cochlear Length
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Mammalian cochlear development encompasses a series of morphological and molecular events that results in the formation of a highly intricate structure responsible for hearing. One remarkable event occurs during development is the cochlear lengthening that starts with cochlear outgrowth around E11 and continues throughout development. Different mechanisms contribute to this process including cochlear progenitor proliferation and convergent extension. We previously identified that FGF9 and FGF20 promote cochlear lengthening by regulating auditory sensory epithelial proliferation through FGFR1 and FGFR2 in the periotic mesenchyme. Here, we provide evidence that ETS-domain transcription factors ETV4 and ETV5 are downstream of mesenchymal FGF signaling to control cochlear lengthening. Next generation RNA sequencing identified that Etv1, Etv4 and Etv5 mRNAs are decreased in the Fgf9 and Fgf20 double mutant periotic mesenchyme. Deleting both Etv4 and Etv5 in periotic mesenchyme resulted in shortening of cochlear length but maintaining normal patterning of organ of Corti and density of hair cells and supporting cells. This recapitulates phenotype of mesenchymal-specific Fgfr1 and Fgfr2 deleted inner ear. Furthermore, analysis of Etv1/4/5 triple conditional mutants revealed that ETV1 does not contribute in this process. Our study reveals that ETV4 and ETV5 function downstream of mesenchymal FGF signaling to promote cochlear lengthening.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".