Compact UWB‐to‐C band reconfigurable filtenna based on elliptical monopole antenna integrated with bandpass filter for cognitive radio systems
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this study, a compact configuration of frequency reconfigurable filtenna, designed by integrating a bandpass filter and with a monopole radiator, is demonstrated for achieving high‐frequency selectivity along with compact size. The proposed filtenna can be efficiently tuned between ultra‐wideband (UWB) and C‐band states of operation. A bandpass filter, based on rectangular stepped impedance stub loaded multiple‐mode resonator (MMR), is embedded to an elliptical monopole radiator to construct the filtenna circuit. The filtenna design approach leaves out the necessity of cascading an additional 50 Ω microstrip feed line in between the antenna and filter elements which makes the system more compact. The designed filtenna occupies 3.6–10.6 GHz band in its UWB state of operation and 3.63–4.70 GHz band in its C‐band state of operation, respectively. The UWB operating state is intended for spectrum sensing application whereas the C‐band operating state can be implemented for communication in a cognitive radio environment. The shifting between two operating states is controlled by appropriately switching the PIN diodes. An average peak gain of 2 dBi is observed within the passband. The overall size of the filtenna is optimised to 1.35 λ 0 × 0.96 λ 0 × 0.04 λ 0 ( λ 0 is calculated at 6.85 GHz). For validation purpose, the filtenna prototype is fabricated and characterised. A very close agreement is achieved with the suggested configuration.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".