Analysing the occlusal wear of the hominins of Sima de los Huesos
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The occlusal surface of a tooth can provide evidence of past behaviour. In general terms, occlusal wear decreases through time, with industrialised modern humans having low occlusal wear because of the greater reliance upon processed foods. Neanderthals are thought to have exceptionally heavy occlusal wear, due to high mechanical loading from paramasticatory and masticatory behaviour. Here, we compare occlusal wear of hominins from Sima de los Huesos (SH, n=19) to Neanderthals (n=21) and modern humans (Middle Palaeolithic, n=5; Upper/ Early Epi Palaeolithic, n=26; Igloolik Inuit n=79; 19th-20th-century Madrilños individuals, CMH, n=14). The SH are thought to either be early Neanderthals or closely related to them, and share a number of cranial and dental traits with both Neanderthals (e.g. shovel-shaped incisors) and modern humans (e.g. frequent absence of the hypoconulid). Results deviate from the general and expected trend. The SH group had more wear on their upper I1 compared to Neanderthals (p=0.022), but not modern humans (p>0.05). We that SH upper P3 is more worn than all other groups (p potentially pointing to masticatory behavioural differences. The mandibular dentition of the SH was significantly more worn compared to Neanderthals (C-M2, p , Inuit (I1-M2, p (M2, p=0.030). It may be that SH were using their mandibular dentition less for paramasticatory activities or that the lower age range of the SH hominins used in the mandibular group meant that they generally had less wear
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".