FRI-18 ROBERT BENJAMIN GREENBLATT AND HIS MANY PURSUITS: AN UNLIKELY FOUNDER OF THE TESTOSTERONE PELLET
Bibliographic record
Abstract
You have accessJournal of UrologyHistory of Urology Forum I1 Apr 2015FRI-18 ROBERT BENJAMIN GREENBLATT AND HIS MANY PURSUITS: AN UNLIKELY FOUNDER OF THE TESTOSTERONE PELLET Zachary Klaassen, Lael Reinstatler, Casey O. McCraw, Roger Chen, Martha K. Terris, Durwood E. Neal, Ronald W. Lewis, and Arthur M. Smith Zachary KlaassenZachary Klaassen More articles by this author , Lael ReinstatlerLael Reinstatler More articles by this author , Casey O. McCrawCasey O. McCraw More articles by this author , Roger ChenRoger Chen More articles by this author , Martha K. TerrisMartha K. Terris More articles by this author , Durwood E. NealDurwood E. Neal More articles by this author , Ronald W. LewisRonald W. Lewis More articles by this author , and Arthur M. SmithArthur M. Smith More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2015.02.2809AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InEmail INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES In modern medicine it is unusual for a single clinician to influence more than one specialty. One such example is Dr. Robert B. Greenblatt, a trained obstetrician and gynecologist, whose life's work includes authoring over twenty books and hundreds of publications – ranging from Abraham Lincoln to melanoma to Meckel's diverticulum. Here we explore Dr. Greenblatt's contribution to the field of Urology through the early development of the testosterone pellet. METHODS Sources from medical journals and contributions from the Robert B. Greenblatt, M.D. Library at the Medical College of Georgia (MCG), including personal communications and unpublished material, were analyzed regarding the life and medical pursuits of Robert Greenblatt. RESULTS Dr. Greenblatt was born on October 12, 1906 in Montreal, Canada. He earned his undergraduate and medical degrees at McGill University, finishing the latter in 1932. Dr. Greenblatt subsequently pursued further training in obstetrics and gynecology, eventually starting his practice at MCG in Augusta, GA in 1935. Following a period of time as a medical officer in the Navy, he returned to MCG in 1946 as Chair of the inaugural department of Endocrinology. Although primarily known for his work in women's reproductive health, Dr. Greenblatt is less known for his development of the testosterone pellet, originally for the treatment of women with gynecologic disorders. He dedicated several studies to describing the absorption rates, benefits, and side effects of testosterone pellets. Furthermore, after observing a high proportion of patients expel pellets that were surgically implanted, he improved implantation techniques utilizing the Kearns instrument. Dr. Greenblatt's other medical contributions included the development of clomiphene for treatment of infertility and using sulfanilamides to treat granuloma inguinale. Beyond medicine Dr. Greenblatt was a voracious reader and author, with a particular interest in spirituality. He authored several works regarding religion, including Search the Scriptures: Modern Medicine and Biblical Personages. CONCLUSIONS Dr. Robert Benjamin Greenblatt eventually passed away from lung cancer on September 27, 1987. His contributions to medicine will not be easily forgotten; both the Endowed Chair of Endocrinology and the medical library at MCG carry his name. Ironically, Dr. Greenblatt's contributions to hormone replacement therapy in women provided Urologists with the early groundwork for a common treatment modality for hypogonadism in men. © 2015 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 193Issue 4SApril 2015Page: e587-e588 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2015 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.Metrics Author Information Zachary Klaassen More articles by this author Lael Reinstatler More articles by this author Casey O. McCraw More articles by this author Roger Chen More articles by this author Martha K. Terris More articles by this author Durwood E. Neal More articles by this author Ronald W. Lewis More articles by this author Arthur M. Smith More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".