Cyclic behavior of gravel–steel interface under varying rotational shear paths
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Cyclic rotational behavior of a soil–structure interface is imperative for understanding the three-dimensional behavior; this requires testing the interface under systematically varying rotational shear paths. A series of cyclic tests were conducted on the gravel–steel interface along linear, elliptical, and circular shear paths by systematically varying the orthogonal amplitude shear displacement ratio. The resultant peak shear stress was observed to be independent of the shear direction and dependent on the shear path. The interface demonstrates a coupling response among the orthogonal shear directions during the rotational shear, which governs the three-dimensional shear mechanism. Owing to such coupling, during the cyclic shear, the unloading extent from the resultant peak loading state at different quarters of a shear cycle diminishes as the shear path changes toward a circle; this leads to the monotonous shear proceeding in a circular route with an insignificant change in the shear direction. Significant dilatancy is induced by rotational shear, which can be divided into irreversible and reversible components. The final compression of the irreversible dilatancy increases as the area under the rotational shear path increases. The reversible dilatancy diminishes as the shear path becomes a circle. The interface evenly demonstrates aeolotropy under the rotational shear condition.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".