[Histological evaluations on periapical tissues after irradiation by erbium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet laser in Labradors dogs].
Bibliographic record
Abstract
PURPOSE: To investigate the thermal effects on periapical tissues of Labrador dogs after intra-canal irradiation by erbium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Er:YAG) laser at different powers based on the antibacterial experiment of Enterococcus faecalis and Escherichia coli in root canals with an isthmus, to assess the histological changes, and to prove the safety for clinical applications. METHODS: Two hundred root canals of 10 healthy adult Labradors dogs were selected and divided into 5 groups. Excepted one as control group, root canals in other 4 groups were irradiated by Er:YAG laser with 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0 W for 30 s. Ten Labradors dogs were sacrificed at 0 (immediately after irradiation), 2 days, 2 weeks, 1 and 2 months. After preparation of pathological specimen, histological changes after laser irradiation in periapical tissues were evaluated and scores of inflammation were graded. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 13.0 software package. RESULTS: No significant difference was observed at the apical area between 1.5, 2.0, 2.5 W and control groups at most periods (P>0.05), whereas significant difference was observed between 3.0 W and other groups for all periods (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that if proper output powers (2.0-2.5 W) of laser irradiation are chosen, disinfection in root canals can be finished successfully and thermal effects on the periapical tissues can be minimized.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".