Bio-Sourced, Potentially Biodegradable Materials for Fast Response Moisture Sensors
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Humidity is a very important physical parameter that plays an imperative role in technology and human activity. Researchers are paying more attention to develop moisture-responsive materials with outstanding characteristics such as high sensitivity, wide humidity detection range, fast response and short recovery times to keep pace with the on-going development in technology. Abundant, bio-sourced and biodegradable organic materials, such as melanin, are needed to enable the development of eco-designed technologies that alleviate the environmental footprint of the electronics sector. Melanin is a ubiquitous biomacromolecule with diverse functions including hydration dependent electrical response [1], photoresponse [2], antioxidant [3] , metal chelation [4], and free radical scavenging [5]. Melanin originates from the oxidative polymerization of (5,6)-dihydroxindole (DHI) and (5,6)-dihydroxindole 2-carboxyl acid (DHICA) building blocks [6]. Natural melanin is expected to contain up to 70% of DHI in molecular ratio [7]. Due to the absence of the carboxyl group in the molecular structure, DHI-melanin features a ordered, conjugated structure thus expected to show better electrical conductivity with respect to DHICA-melanin [5]. Herein, we investigate DHI-melanin and DHI-DHICA melanin thin films (7:3 weight ratio), spin coated and polymerized on technologically relevant and potentially biodegradable substrates, as active layers for fast response moisture sensors. References [1] Wünsche J, Deng Y, Kumar P, Di Mauro E, Josberger E, Sayago J, Pezzella A, Soavi F, Cicoira F and Rolandi M 2015 Protonic and electronic transport in hydrated thin films of the pigment eumelanin Chem. Mater. 27 436-42 [2] Mostert A B, Rienecker S B, Noble C, Hanson G R and Meredith P 2018 The photoreactive free radical in eumelanin Science advances 4 eaaq1293 [3] Tu Y-g, Sun Y-z, Tian Y-g, Xie M-y and Chen J 2009 Physicochemical characterisation and antioxidant activity of melanin from the muscles of Taihe Black-bone silky fowl (Gallus gallus domesticus Brisson) Food Chem. 114 1345-50 [4] Hong L and Simon J D 2007 Current understanding of the binding sites, capacity, affinity, and biological significance of metals in melanin. ACS Publications) [5] Panzella L, Gentile G, D'Errico G, Della Vecchia N F, Errico M E, Napolitano A, Carfagna C and d'Ischia M 2013 Atypical structural and π‐electron features of a melanin polymer that lead to superior free‐radical‐scavenging properties Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 52 12684-7 [6] Meredith P and Sarna T 2006 The physical and chemical properties of eumelanin Pigment cell research 19 572-94 [7] Pezzella A, d'Ischia M, Napolitano A, Palumbo A and Prota G 1997 An integrated approach to the structure of Sepia melanin. Evidence for a high proportion of degraded 5, 6-dihydroxyindole-2-carboxylic acid units in the pigment backbone Tetrahedron 53 8281-6
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".