Plasma Thinning of Large Black Phosphorus Flakes
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The growing interest over the 2D materials has led to the discovery of exfoliated black phosphorus (bP), a semiconductor with a thickness-dependent bandgap. The direct bandgap energy varies from 0.3 eV for bulk materials to 1.9 eV for the monolayer of black phosphorus. The fabrication of thin layers is, however, difficult because the layers photo-oxidize in air into phosphoric acid with kinetic that gets faster for thinner layers 1 . Inspired by a new method to produce thin layers of black phosphorus using oxygen plasma, we work to optimise the process for making large few-layers bP flakes 2 . Using ICP-RIE oxygen plasma, exfoliated flakes of black phosphorus were etched in a controlled way and Raman spectroscopy was used to evaluate the quality of the flakes after plasma treatments. The results show no sign of high-degradation of the bP crystal structure after the plasma treatment. Here we show that the method can be adapted to produce high quality thin flakes of black phosphorus towards incorporation into electronic and optoelectronic applications. 1 Favron, A., Gaufrès, E., Fossard, F. et al. Photooxidation and quantum confinement effects in exfoliated black phosphorus. Nature Mater 14, 826–832 (2015) 2 Pei, J., Gai, X., Yang, J. et al. Producing air-stable monolayers of phosphorene and their defect engineering. Nat Commun 7, 10450 (2016)
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".