Heartworm infection in domestic dogs in Canada, 1977-2016: Prevalence, time trend, and efficacy of prophylaxis.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
(heartworm) is a mosquito-borne parasite that primarily infects domestic and wild canids. The objectives of this study were to i) determine if there has been a temporal change in prevalence of heartworm infection among domestic dogs in Canada from 1977 to 2016; ii) explore the spatial extension of heartworm across Canada using choropleth maps; and iii) assess the efficacy of preventive drugs using the estimated "Attributable Fraction Exposed." Heartworm surveys that collected data from 1977 to 2010 and serological laboratory data from 2007 to 2016 were analyzed. The data depicted a decrease in heartworm prevalence, both nationally and provincially, from 1977 to the early 2000s. However, an increase in prevalence was identified for tested dog populations in Manitoba and Quebec from 2007 to 2016. Chemoprophylaxis was associated with an estimated 93.0% [95% confidence interval (CI): 92.85, 93.3] reduction of heartworm infections in domestic dogs in Canada from 1977 to 2010.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".