No escape from the heat? Bedroom temperatures during England’s hottest summer
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Numerous monitoring studies have demonstrated overheating of bedrooms in English homes during summer. Elevated bedroom temperatures can degrade sleep quality and impinge on health and well-being. This paper examines Public Health England’s advice to ‘move into a cooler room, especially for sleeping’ in hot conditions. Temperatures were monitored in 33 dwellings across the English Midlands between 1 May and 30 August 2018: the joint hottest English summer on record. The bedroom temperatures were analysed using the recommended CIBSE criterion that there should be no more than 1% of annual occupied hours over 26°C; adaptive comfort criteria are deemed inappropriate for sleeping persons. In half of the main bedrooms, temperatures exceeded 24°C for more than a third of sleeping hours. The CIBSE overheating criterion was exceeded in 78% of master bedrooms. Even if everybody in a household slept in the coolest bedroom, 70% would still experience overheating. Assessing the living room as a bedroom led to a substantial reduction in homes classed as overheating. It is concluded that, whilst public health advice to seek cooler spaces during hot weather is well founded, such ‘safe havens’ for sleeping may exist only for a minority of English households. Further work is, however, needed.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".