Effectiveness of Insecticides to Control Small and Large Larvae of Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner, 1805) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner, 1805) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is a cosmopolitan pest with wide geographical distribution in Brazil. This pest was officially registered in 2013 on cotton, soybean, corn, and some weeds, although this species may have been present in the country since 2008. The objective of this work was to evaluate the efficiency of eight insecticides (seven chemicals and a biological product) to control small and large H. armigera caterpillars. The experiment was conducted under laboratory conditions (T 22±1 °C; RH 70±10%; 12h photoperiod), with nine treatments (g a.i./ha dose): flubendiamide (72), chlorantraniliprole + lambda-cyhalothrin (30 + 15), chlorfenapyr (288), spinetoran (18), indoxacarb (120), emamectin benzoate (10), metomil (322.5), Bacillus thuringiensis (500), and control (water). A completely randomized design was used with four replications for each size of caterpillars (small and large), and each repetition (plot) consisted of five H. armigera caterpillars fed with bean leaves immersed in the different treatments evaluated. The larval mortality evaluations were performed at one, three, five, and seven days after contact with the treated bean leaves, determining the control efficiency (E%) through the formula of Abbott (1925). All chemical and biological treatments tested caused significant mortality of small and large H. armigera caterpillars, reaching a control percentage of 100% at seven days after treatment, demonstrating the possibility of using the insecticides tested to control this pest under field conditions.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".