Bibliographic record
Abstract
The transition from a "craftsman-like" to an "industrial-like" organization of the scientific research marked the scientific biography of the Italian physicist Franco Rasetti. He was one of Fermi's privileged interlocutors on both experimental and theoretical issues: from spectroscopy and quantum statistics to the implications of Raman radiation studies on nuclear structure. This last contribution paved the way to a new nuclear model and to the nuclear physics development by the Fermi group since the early thirties. Rasetti was active in Italy also after Fermi's departure to the USA in 1938, until he decided to leave to Canada in 1939. By then, Rasetti's individualistic trends were emphasized by the study of cosmic rays in alternative to neutron-induced radioactivity: "cosmic rays were free and everywhere," he said besides. Rasetti also refused to take part in both the Manhattan Project and the joint Anglo-Canadian Project. Endowed with an eclectic and egocentric personality, he arrived at declaring that he would dedicate himself no longer to physics, but to biology and geology, which he considered as freer and more pacific sciences. Though Rasetti afterwards partially returned to physical research, which he definitively left only in 1959, he remained reluctant to transform the scientific work into an industrial, managerial, and strongly competitive activity.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.005 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.024 | 0.014 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".