Surface Engineering of Carbon Nanotubes with Inorganic-Organic Materials for Electrochemical Capacitors.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Composite electrodes comprised of inorganic-organic molecular materials are of great interest in applications such as electrochemical capacitors (ECs). ECs store and release charge via double layer capacitance (EDLC) or pseudocapacitance. The carbon materials used for EDLC has low capacitance, while pseudocapacitive materials such as redox active polymers or metal oxides have long term stability issues. Therefore, anchoring inorganic-organic materials on a carbon substrate can leverage the advantages of both EDLC and pseudocapacitance. Composite electrodes of kegging type polyoxometalates (POM) deposited on polydiallyldimethylammonium chloride (PDDA) via the layer-by-layer assembly has been well established and has shown great promise [1-3] . The issues are the limited operation window and the inert PDDA layer. Suitable alternatives that can complement the redox activity of POMs and enlarge the operating potential window are redox active polymers [4]. The objectives of this work are to: 1) develop and optimize an electroactive inorganic-organic composite electrode based on a carbon nanotube (CNT) substrate modified with polyluminol (CpLum) and H 5 GeMo 11 VO 40 .24H 2 O (GeMo 11 V); 2) study the electrochemical behavior of the composite electrode with and without PDDA for electrochemical capacitors; and 3) investigate the interactions between each layer. GeMo 11 V was first deposited onto CNT using PDDA as an anchor. The vanadium atom in the kegging structure provided an additional electrochemical redox peak with improved capacitive behavior on the cyclic voltammogram (CV) as seen in figure 1. First, CpLum, and GeMo 11 V were applied on CNT (CNT-CpLum-GeMo 11 V), then co-deposited with PDDA (CNT-CpLum-PDDA-GeMo 11 V). For both composite electrodes, CpLum and GeMo 11 V contributed to the redox activity leading to a wider potential window. The CV of CNT-CpLum-GeMo 11 V showed more reversible redox peaks with a slightly reduced GeMo 11 V contribution compared to CNT-CpLum-PDDA-GeMo 11 V that had a smoother CV shape. The decrease in GeMo 11 V contribution was attributed to the smaller amount of positive charge within the CpLum chain needed to anchor the GeMo 11 V. Each layer had a distinct role in the inorganic-organic composite electrode. The CpLum polymer added additional redox activity in the higher potential range, while PDDA attracted and held the GeMo 11 V, which provided redox activity in the lower potential range. All three layers had a synergistic interaction and provided enhanced charge storage properties with good rate capability and cycling stability. REFERENCES 1. M. Genovese, Y. W. Foong and K. Lian, Electrochimica Acta , 199 , 261 (2016). 2. M. Genovese and K. Lian, Current Opinion in Solid State and Materials Science , 19 , 126 (2015). 3. M. Genovese, Y. W. Foong and K. Lian, Journal of The Electrochemical Society , 162 , A5041 (2015). 4. N. Casado, G. Hernández, H. Sardon and D. Mecerreyes, Progress in Polymer Science , 52 , 107 (2016). Figure 1
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".